Resting energy expenditure in elite athletes: development of new predictive equations based on anthropometric variables and bioelectrical impedance analysis derived phase angle

Table 3 Characteristics of the study sample according to sport specialty

	Cycling	Water polo	Masters swimming	Karate	Ballet Dance	Boxing	Running
	(n = 22)	(n = 16)	(n = 24)	(n = 17)	(n = 15)	(n = 11)	(n = 21)
Age (yrs)	27.0 ± 2.7^cdef	24.2 ± 6.6^c	40.4 ± 4.5^abdefg	18.8 ± 2.7^aceg	19.1 ± 1.1^acg	20.7 ± 2.7^aeg	29.0 ± 9.9^cdf
Weight (kg)	69.2 ± 5.2^bcg	88.8 ± 4.9^acdefg	76.6 ± 10.0^abdeg	69.5 ± 10.4^bcg	64.1 ± 5.2^bc	70.0 ± 5.2^bg	61.1 ± 6.3^abcdg
Stature (cm)	181 ± 6^defg	185 ± 3^cdefg	176 ± 5^bf	176 ± 7^ab	175 ± 4^ab	169 ± 5^abc	172 ± 5^ab
BMI (kg/m²)	21.2 ± 1.3^bcf	25.9 ± 1.8^adeg	24.6 ± 2.8^adeg	22.5 ± 2.7^bcg	20.9 ± 0.9^bcf	24.7 ± 0.6^aeg	20.6 ± 1.2^bcdf
MREE (kcal/die)	1866 ± 142^beg	2195 ± 244^acdefg	1766 ± 188^bde	1928 ± 207^bceg	1567 ± 107^abcdf	1946 ± 127^beg	1641 ± 120^abdf
RQ	0.785 ± 0.031^beg	0.865 ± 0.046^a	0.815 ± 0.081	0.804 ± 0.049^g	0.850 ± 0.049^a	0.807 ± 0.082	0.870 ± 0.070^ad
BI-index (cm²/Ω)	65.4 ± 8.0^bg	78.8 ± 8.3^acdefg	67.6 ± 7.7^bg	64.0 ± 8.7^bg	67.7 ± 6.3^bg	65.9 ± 5.7^bg	55.2 ± 5.0^abcdef
PhA (degrees)	8.31 ± 0.79^cdg	8.11 ± 0.49^c	6.96 ± 0.54^abdefg	7.59 ± 0.60^acf	7.75 ± 0.53^cf	8.57 ± 0.65^cdeg	7.60 ± 0.38^acf

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
BMI body mass index, MREE measured resting energy expenditure, RQ respiratory quotient, BI-index bioimpedance index, PhA phase angle.
^acycling; ^b water polo; ^c master swimming; ^d karate; ^e ballet dance; ^f boxing; ^g running
p < 0.05

ISSN: 1550-2783